Ishkhnelebi (The Ishkhneli Sisters)

The Ishkhnelebi, known as the Ishkhneli Sisters, were a family of performers of Georgian urban songs who formed a vocal quartet consisting of the sisters: Nino (1898–1967), Tamar (1900–94), Zinaida (1902–68), and Aleksandra (1904–55). From 1955 onward, Aleksandra was replaced in the ensemble by her sister Mariam (1889–1973).

The ensemble was established in 1941. Prior to this, the Ishkhneli Sisters' family ensemble had existed for years, initially in Kutaisi and later in Tbilisi. They captivated audiences and gained widespread popularity with their rich, diverse repertoire, as well as their refined taste, extraordinary vocal harmony, and original performance style. Notably, the singing of the sisters is commemorated in several poems by Galaktion Tabidze. In 1941, the ensemble integrated into the Georgian Philharmonic. Its leader, Tamar Ishkhneli, was also the composer of several songs, including Arts Hos Ambobs, Arts Aras ("She Says Neither Yes Nor No"), Shen Akvavdi, Kartlo Metad ("Flourish Even More, O Georgia"), Akhali Tseli ("New Year"), and Ar Daijereb ("You Will Not Believe").

In 1949, the Ishkhneli Sisters were awarded the title of Honored Art Workers of Georgia, and in 1976, Tamar was distinguished with the title of People's Artist of Georgia.

The Ishkhnelebi played a significant role in refining urban folklore song, enriching its repertoire, and popularizing the genre. The quartet remained active until 1967. From 1972 until the end of her life, Tamar performed individually, singing Georgian and old Russian romances. The musical traditions of the Ishkhnelebi continue through the subsequent generations of their extended family. Most notably, Tamar's granddaughter, the singer, composer, and actress M. Menabde, was an outstanding performer of the Ishkhnelebi repertoire and her own original compositions. In 1999, the Ishkhneli Prize was established.

M. Tabukashvili